… Background: This document provides clinical recommendations for the pharmacologic
treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It represents a collaborative effort on …

… For each treatable trait, specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are
defined in this document. The coincidence of two or more clinical phenotypes (ie, treatable …

… This systematic review provides an overview of pharmacologic interventions for exacerbation
of COPD. Compared with placebo or management without intervention, both antibiotics …

… utilization, mortality) and are a central component in pharmacological management decisions.
Targeted therapies directed towards specific pathways of inflammation are being explored …

… The Spanish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021 are the …
in the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the Spanish …

… the stepwise treatment of ACOS using pharmacological … common medications involve the
same inhalers used to treat … of patients with chronic obstructive airway disease meet the case …

… for pharmacologic management of COPD, and the strategies employed to improve patient
care and reduce hospitalizations and readmissions. COPD exacerbations significantly impact …

… There are no specific effective pharmacological treatments for emphysema, except for
those targeting α1 antitrypsin deficiency [187]. Modes of therapy administration include self-…

… of medication is central when choosing the treatment for patients with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease … specialists consider the selection of the drug more important than that of the …

… nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of COPD in last decade. However,
phenotypical approach is small step to precision medicine in COPD management in the …