… definition and taxonomy of chronic postoperative pain, its mechanistic basis and the most
recent evidence for the preventative potential of multimodal analgesia… will not actually develop it…

… In this study, 17 different medications were reported as used for preemptive analgesia prior
to TJA, with the most common medications being acetaminophen, celecoxib, gabapentin, …

… opioid use; however, it is not universally implemented. This review presents the evidence
assessing multimodal analgesic regimens and recommends optimal analgesic combinations. …

… We were able to maintain very consistent mean VAS scores ranging from 3.2 to 3.3 throughout
POD 4 in the PMA group, which represents a 29%–37% reduction in postoperative pain, …

… Multimodal analgesia is the analgesia achieved by using several agents instead of using
a single agent, each acting at different sites of the pain pathway. This approach reduces the …

… Recently, preemptive analgesia and multimodal analgesia … However, both analgesic
approaches have been focused on … as both a preemptive and a preventive psychological …

… Table 1 describes the characteristics of each of the multimodal analgesia in this review. … a
form of preemptive analgesia approach to pain management. A preemptive analgesia is pain …

… , preemptive analgesia is defined that treatments start before an initial surgical incision. The
preemptive multimodal analgesia … moderate, three to be very low, and no high were judged. …

… , we will define “multimodal analgesia” as the use of several classes of analgesics with varying
… NSAIDs are a well-established class of analgesics that can be very effective additions to …

… may actually reflect the efficacy of non-opioid analgesics in … of drugs used for preventive
analgesia can vary markedly across … regimens of preemptive multimodal analgesia should be …