… This phenomenon is known as ‘fetal programming’… fetal insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity
of fetal organs [95]. It is an illustration of the so-called thrifty phenotype: a hostile intrauterine …

… fetal programming”, and the consequent “fetal origins of adult diseases” has been well described
in offspring following intrauterine growth restriction … cfd (regulates insulin secretion) and …

… Fetal growth is regulated by hormones mainly secreted by the … of fetal growth is fetal insulin,
while insulin secreted by the beta-… fetal circulation drives the production of insulin by the fetal …

… related to developmental programming in fetal period and … of β-cell proliferation and insulin
secretion and were reported … In guinea pigs, fetal growth restriction resulted in alteration of …

… animal studies have shown that fetal growth restriction (FGR), … in the field of fetal programming
of hypertension and a brief … Insulin and leptin are the two principal hormones regulating …

… “prenatal/fetal programming,” take place and predispose to chronic diseases [Citation4]. …
lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues. It enhances intrauterine growth through its insulin-…

… insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver and blood [28]. Based on Barker’s ‘thrifty phenotype’
hypothesis, which states that fetal programming … and impaired insulin secretion at birth [52]…

… receptor or signalling components downstream results in severe growth retardation. …
the important impact of maternal environment on fetal insulin release and therefore growth. …

… intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), an extreme phenotype of LBW in which the fetus fails
to meet its growth … and/or insulin resistance are associated with an increase in child adiposity. …

… pregnancy seems to damage fetal metabolism programming; … Intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR) induced by unbalanced … and delayed rise in insulin secretion after meals, leading to …