… pathological changes that develop around the adjacent … rotation and extension of adjacent
segments and legs, cannot … of augmenting different numbers of vertebral levels and due to …

… In addition, they reported a higher incidence of adjacent segment pathology in patients with
the … However, thus far a clear advantage of this approach in avoiding PJK or revision surgery …

… a variety of different terms for proximal junctional failure (PJF)… PJK in the form of an adjacent
segment spondylolisthesis or … Criteria for pathologic PJK were a proximal junctional angle …

… Level of Evidence: 4 After revision for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), there is a recurrence
rate of 44%. Prerevision thoracic pelvic angle and prerevision C2-T3 sagittal vertical axis …

… , of a given patient prior to pathologic alteration of the spine by the aging process. Consequently,
… Instead, Pesenti et al 21 preferred a different approach to describing the lumbar spine, …

… Different patient populations, … become pathologic and result in proximal junctional failure
(PJF). PJF is present when PJK occurs with at least one of the following: fracture of the vertebral …

… is a type of adjacent segment disease associated with spinal … than different types. For example,
the key difference between … spine and is not a classification of any pathologic conditions. …

… become pathologic and result in proximal junctional failure (… to post distal lordosis (L4-S1)
was not significantly different … range of motion and adjacent segment stress when compared …

… of which proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) often …
Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following long instrumented posterior spinal …

… Therefore, spine surgeon should understand the pathophysiology of PJK and PJF, as well
… PJK and PJF are not separate diseases but rather included in one disease spectrum. In …