… anterior and posterior disc was reduced by 1/5 (mild), 2/5 (moderate) or 3/5 (severe) with
respect to the disc height of the L4-L5 … Secondly, in the current model, muscles were not …

… The joints function as simulated muscles to regulate the preload … Excessive shear stress
can potentially contribute to disc … aimed at reducing excessive shear forces and minimizing the …

… (IK), reduced residual algorithm (RRA), and computed muscle … , L4/L5, and L5/S1) and muscle
forces at two erector muscles … shear stress value was observed at the anterior region in the …

… A decline in multifidus muscle function will lead to decreased … LL have less intervertebral disc
degeneration, which may … , reduce the transverse shear forces of the intervertebral disc and …

… muscle spasms due to back muscle strain or spinal ligament … This reduction in muscle
activation level may reduce lumbar … LS groups in L4-L5 and L5-S1 peak shear forces; in particular, …

… Disc herniation and degenerative spinal disease are two … for the anterior shear forces
caused by iliopsoas muscle, … of the hamstring muscles reducing the anterior rolling of pelvis on …

… the L4-L5 intervertebral disc due to the reduction in muscle support of the ES and MF.
Degenerative slippage of the L4-L5 … muscle atrophy because the asymmetry of the abdominal …

… that muscles attaching across the L5-S1 239 segment also … , by reducing the stabilizing
function of the MF muscles, 252 … been shown to increase the shear forces between at the rostral …

… the spinal muscles, intervertebral discs and lumbar nerve on … ) on the force reduction due to
muscle relaxation reducing by … the nondestructive direct and shear forces experienced when …

… the lumbar spine after fusion fixation increases the shear forces … of the articular facet joint
and muscle soft tissue damage. Therefore… in reducing the incidence of ASD after lumbar fusion. …