… Reduction in signal intensity of the disk, disk height loss, disk … but minimal resistance to
shearing forces (backward and … MRI studies dealing with muscle diseases, the muscle cross-…

… Moreover, lateral radiography to measure disc height for IDD … in the L4–L5 motion segment
(compared to another lumbar … -dimensional structure of skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves, …

… screw and artificial discs implanted in the lumbar spine region. … Muscle forces were also not
considered in this study. In future … It also indicated a reduced risk of adjacent disc disease. On …

… column were isolated from connective tissue and muscle. Prior … , a reduced X-ray-based
disc high index and poorer disc … needles can create high shear stress and consequent low cell …

… proteoglycan content decrease, when intervertebral discs are … 2) IVDD or disc herniation
may increase shear forces on the … discs at L4-L5 level might transfer the shear forces one level …

… To reduce selection bias, we collected the data of all LDH … an excess load on joints, muscles
and ligaments around the … shear force and causes the shear force acting on the lumbar …

… process, the ligament sudden increase or decrease is likely … or capsular tension, extraneous
compression, and shear forces. … Moreover, the shortage of muscle forces under our model …

… large drop in pressure. To map the pressures in the NP and within the AF of the human spinal
discs, … The specimens were cleaned of all muscles. To preserve the natural constraints, the …

… muscle injuries are represented by reducing physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) of
multifidus and erector spinae muscles … level disc shear forces and facet/ligament forces were …

… muscle sharp dissection, we gained access to L4-L5 space. … and continuous effect on pain
reduction and is considered an … vertical and shear forces on sacralized L4-L5 disc space to …