… trailing fish to deviate from the central path of the leading fish. The phalanx formation, on the
other hand, positions fish … They also substantiate the hypothesis of energy conservation and …

… Thiria, “Synchronization and collective swimming patterns in fish ( hemigrammus bleheri),” …
Thiria, “Simple phalanx pattern leads to energy saving in cohesive fish schooling,” …

… For experiments with living fish schools and bird flocks, one of … the trailing edge of the
leading foil and the leading edge of the … swimmers give rise to group cohesion. Proc. Natl Acad. …

… efficiency of fish schools in general, and for phalanx schools … phalanx domain is the same
as in the solitary case, leading … , or at the least cohesion, within a school. Inviscid models of …

… of energy saving, a common perception is that the hydrodynamic advantages may be associated
with two basic … The calculation processes are coded as a macro function and linked to …

… formation of fish schools is optimal because it would lead to … -side ‘phalanx’ formation is
more efficient than the diamond … mechanism affect the cohesiveness of the school (figure 6b). …

… We varied the white light generated by two lamps, each with a single LED bulb (6 W), … (p
= 0.02, figure 3e–g). Fish schooled at a distance from their nearest neighbour that was 79% …

… , the energy-saving capabilities of schooling fish have been consistently observed in various
formations, such as diamond, rectangular, phalanx, … the physical mechanisms that lead to en…

… observed that energy savings associated with schooling might … Even if a diamond pattern
could justify the decreased energy … is likely more due to low fish pass efficiency or inevitable …

… to be able to maintain cohesion, synchronize movements and respond … elementary subsystem
of a school, pairs of fish. Pair members … This suggests that the front fish is leading, and not …