… To illustrate the principles of solvation-driven actuation, we focus on cation-exchange
membranes, where negative coions are fixed to the polymer backbone and positive counterions …

… need for experimental investigations about the actuation of anion-exchange membranes. …
of electrochemical actuation, but also they can enable new, enticing actuator concepts based …

… theory, we study the steady-state actuation of an ionic polymer actuator. Through a series of
… sets of parameters that have a dramatic effect on actuation. Our results unravel a significant …

… It is worth mentioning that due to the complicated molecular interactions between cations,
anions, and mixed solvents, ion solvation-driven LLPS may be present in molecular conditions …

… ; solvation EN anion-exchange membranes electrochemistry electrolyte soft actuators
solvation 1 1 1 08/25/22 20220822 NES 220822 B Actuation of Anion-Exchange Membranes b In …

… as electroactive polymer actuators in soft robotics and biomedical engineering, due to their
unique coupling between electrochemistry and mechanics. Actuation is generated by the …

… consistent with our NMR, electrochemistry, and cryogenic X-… to identify dissociative activation
(D) or associative activation (A… the D-mechanism activation for those cosolvent mixtures due …

… actuators, but also improve our understanding of biological membranes and electrochemical
… 161 4.7 Physics of solvation-driven actuators. (a) Top view of the undeformed membrane, …

… We propose a model of the electrochemistry in the … actuators neutralized by large ions [57].
In the Supplemental Material [42], we demonstrate that an extension of our model to actuators …

… Electrochemical and actuation properties of IPMCs are strongly influenced by the nanostructure
of the ionomer-electrode interface, 11, 12 which cannot be controlled in standard IPMC …