… gene deletion (about 50% of cases), lead to heterogeneous malformations of the kidney and/or
the urinary tract and/… and bright kidneys with multiple small cysts and different degrees of …

… in genetic kidney diseases such as CAKUT ( 2 , 18 ). In this review, we discuss how these
genetic … of precision-medicine approaches for developmental kidney and urinary tract defects. …

… A horseshoe kidney is formed by fusion of two distinct functioning kidneys, one on each side
… Horseshoe kidney is the most common congenital anomaly of the upper urinary tract and …

… Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause
of chronic kidney … Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most …

… In addition, we categorized congenital anomalies that were not considered to be part of …
minor congenital anomalies. As we provided a complete overview, not all congenital anomalies …

… can lead to a wide variety of abnormalities that are usually grouped … as congenital abnormalities
of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT). Defects affecting the kidneys range from renal …

… (NICE) recommend that all patients who have had an upper urinary tract calculus should
be screened for hypercalcaemic disorders with measurement of serum calcium 22,23,24 . The …

… or bilateral hydronephrosis on prenatal fetal ultrasonography usually alerts the clinician
to the possible presence of a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract 19 . Several …

… cells originating from the urinary tract [4,5], it expanded rapidly to cover all types of kidney
disorders, particularly genetic kidney diseases, as cells isolated from urine carry the genotypic …

… or urine to serious and life-threatening disorders of homeostasis. In this review, we focus
on genetic aspects of the tubulopathies and how genetic investigations and kidney physiology …