… This review will focus on complex tree diseases (declines) caused … For this purpose,
landscape-level studies of disease extent and … to address forest pathology challenges of today and …

… large trees in conifer-dominated European mountain landscapes to … considerable successes
in tree disease management. One … to forest health challenges. The next generation of forest …

… ecosystems, with entire tree species practically eliminated from the landscape. For example,
… context of forest pathology, a challenge when faced with the emergence of a new disease is …

… to prevent or manage severe pest and pathogen problems. In … ) or diseases (eg leaf rusts)
are located in the crowns of trees … To further develop and challenge our understanding of these …

… crops, amenity and forest trees, and natural plant communities. The … of disease in field
populations and diverse landscapes, is … so that the processes driving disease epidemics and our …

… blight of poplar infection in 30 mixed and pure forest stands along the Irtysh River in northwestern
China. We addressed the effects of forest isolation at landscape scale, tree … process, …

… Our understanding of disease processes has progressed since … It may be challenging to
develop pathogen or disease data … abiotic stress diseases, vegetation and landscape ecologists …

… blight outbreaks deeply altered the Mediterranean landscape… plant material is in transit or
processed, such as nurseries, … pathogens has always been incredibly challenging, with most of …

… and training between disease ecologists, plant pathologists and plant … Human activity
generally leads to landscape … Second, sampling effort and bias still remain a major problem. …

… , from tree-level to landscape-level processes. (b) Local stand management modifies both
local tree conditions and landscape … A further problem is the durability of tree resistance to …