… idiosyncratic shocks in the presence of common factors. Datasets used in this literature can
be … However, the typical approach has been to use idiosyncratic shocks to variables that are …

… non-linear models in place of their linear counterparts [7… Early applications of instrumental
variables often assume linear … to perform causal analysis under the presence of unobserved …

… single endogenous variable, consistent with the framework that we will use in our analysis.
… in an individual’s county at 17 and the presence of a four-year public college in an individual’…

… for in the regression model. Oftentimes, however, these … Even in the presence of omitted
variables q affecting both x and y, … The type of boss was then used as an instrumental variable …

… this work allow for the presence of unmeasured modifiers of … , we could use any exponential
family regression model with … the same as with the linear regression model, and the fitted …

… Abstract Instrumental variable (IV) methods are widely used to … Less appreciated is that
2SLS is biased in the presence of (… a linear model (via OLS), with our results (see Model 1) …

… The framework includes simultaneous equations models with … regression and instrumental
variable quantile regression are … researcher to use treatment and control variables differently. …

… Finally, we test common instrumental variables used in the literature. … the presence of a
causal link going from fiscal rules to the fiscal balance requires finding an instrumental variable …

… Such external instrumental variables (IVs, or proxy variables) are now routinely used to estimate
causal … We provide the applied researcher with an easy-to-use code suite that constructs …

… than one explanatory variables in a regression model. An … In their study on whether the
presence of Chief Marketing … on the dummy variable indicating CMO presence. Indeed, …