… BRAF V600E pLGG as they had whole chromosome copy number alterations in more than
10 chromosomes, … None of these cases showed a pattern of chromosomal instability similar to …

… Instability (MSI) and chromosomal instability have been described [5] . Chromosomal
instability … Tumors with chromosomal instability have chromosomal gains and losses, with or …

… heterogeneity was linked with gene-expression intratumor heterogeneity and with enrichment
… Immunohistochemistry using the BRAF V600E mutation-specific monoclonal antibody VE1 …

… To investigate how aneuploidy could contribute to tumor growth, we triggered periods of
chromosomal instability (CIN) in human cells and then exposed them to different culture …

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of the most aggressive malignancies. Features
of these tumors include complex genomic rearrangements, the presence of mis-segregated …

… (i) the chromosomal instability (CIN) or aneuploidy pathway, which causes numerous changes
in chromosomal copy number and structure; (ii) the microsatellite instability (MSI pathway, …

… in either Msh2 KO Smad4 KO BRAF V600E/+ or Smad4 KO BRAF V600E/+ (orange arrows
… Smad4 KO BRAF V600E/+ and the only oncogenic mutation in Smad4 KO BRAF V600E/+ …

… Chromosomal instability (CIN) is considered as a hallmark of some cancer cells leading to
aneuploidy. CIN is a known driver of early dissemination and aggressive behaviour of CUP …

… and MAPK signaling is required to generate tetraploids, we treated BRAF V600E -expressing
cells with the BRAF V600E inhibitor vemurafenib, MEK inhibitor trametinib and ERK …

… for the BRAF V600E -mutated … BRAF V600E mutations are enriched in the subgroup CMS1
associated with hypermethylation, microsatellite instability (MSI), and chromosomal instability …