… for example as spicules or bones (endoskeleton). Biominerals have diverse functions outside
… after staining calcified structures Gi) C. fornicata adult shell, dorsal view. Gii) Calcified foot …

… Echinoderms that exhibit indirect development (that is, those that develop via a feeding
larva) produce calcified endoskeletal elements during one or more of three different phases of …

… the tendons linking the musculature to the endoskeleton consist of extensions of muscle cell
… of self-defense, muscles break away from the endoskeleton as a consequence of the rapid …

… Calcein is a polyanionic derivative of Fluorescein able to bind Ca2 + ions, allowing to mark
biomineralization and calcification sites and endoskeleton development in vivo. Considering …

… matrix together with other unknown structural proteins (indicated with a question mark).
Vertebrates have an endoskeleton … Unlike in mammals, where permanent calcified cartilage …

… substrates (ie, Ca 2+ and CO 3 2− ), probably by the removal of water and salts from the
calcification vesicle (35), ACC is formed and exocytosed to build the calcitic endoskeleton (34, …

… , the histology of the endoskeleton of early vertebrates also … cartilaginous endoskeletons
precede the origin of calcified … patterns of calcified cartilage (and bone) in the endoskeleton of …

… endoskeleton in Vertebrates. Examples of … matrices that are replaced by bone at the
chondro-osseous junction (COJ), the junction between calcified and non-calcified cartilage matrices, …

… the developmental relation between the endoskeleton and exoskeleton, we performed
histological analysis using Alcian blue staining for cartilage and Alizarin red for calcified bones. At …

… ), which is deposited in the collagen matrix to construct endoskeleton. For many decades,
the … will profoundly improve our understanding of bone metabolism and ectopic calcifications. …