… progression, such as tumor enlargement and the appearance of … surgery (CS). There are
concerns that CS may be associated with higher surgical complications than immediate surgery …

… papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). This study compared the long-term oncological
outcomes of patients who underwent AS or immediate surgery … study died of thyroid carcinoma. …

… In recent years, incidental detection of small, mostly indolent papillary thyroid carcinoma (…
the mortality of thyroid carcinoma has not changed. To avoid overtreatment of papillary thyroid …

… The increase has primarily been due to the increased detection rate of small papillary
thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (2 , 3). PTCs measuring at most 10 mm are called papillary …

… Because we anticipated few studies of active surveillance versus immediate surgery, we
also included uncontrolled treatment series of patients undergoing active surveillance. …

… with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), which is defined as papillary thyroid cancer
(PTC… have enabled the early diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer. With the exception of those …

… are recommended for immediate surgery. Immediate surgery is also recommended for tumors
adherent to the … Included patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma 10–15 mm in diameter. …

… Active surveillance tumors were smaller than immediate surgery tumors (median size,
10.1 mm [IQR 8-13] vs 12.0 mm [IQR 10-16]; P < .001) (eTables 1 and 2 in Supplement 2). …

… Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histologic subtype of thyroid cancer.
The … that of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), which is defined as a 1 cm or smaller …

… papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) justify the preference for active surveillance (AS) over
immediate surgery … Japan began AS in the 1990s as an alternative surgical option for PTMC and …