… -1 (HTLV-1) has a large global burden and in some key communities, such as Indigenous …
We review how the replication strategies and molecular properties of HTLV-1 establish a long-…

… a remarkably high prevalence in American indigenous populations and among people who
… (11), which first revealed the circulation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 among Warao indigenous …

… by HTLV-1 mediated inflammation. Pulmonary inflammation associated with HTLV-1 infection
… Based on our current understanding of HTLV-1 associated pulmonary disease, diagnostic …

… HTLV-1 infection is commonly associated with marginalized groups such as sex workers,
immigrants, and First Nations communities (5). Furthermore, routes of transmission are varied, …

… indigenous people [17–20]. It is worth noting that in the state of Pará, HTLV-2 was first detected
outside indigenous populations … need for blood centres to test for HTLV 1/2 [16]. Although …

… HTLV-1 infection is mostly asymptomatic, and HTLV-1 viral RNAs or proteins are virtually …
the extent of HTLV-1 infection. Via mechanisms not fully understood, 3–5% of HTLV-1-infected …

… study period, 135 included HTLV diagnosis, being HTLV-1 in 115 (85.2%) and HTLV-2 in 20
… distribution of HTLV hospitalizations because of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 is recorded in Table 1. …

… from that of the general population, we estimated the … HTLV-1 infection rate by the population
from the demographic statistics of Kagoshima prefecture in 2019 (lines 6 and 10 in Table 1)…

… High prevalence of 8.3–9% has also been reported among indigenous populations of
Panama, all carrying HTLV-2. Although multiple cases of TSP/HAM have been reported, mostly …

… of HTLV-1 infection, including ATL and HTLV-1–associated … of HTLV-1–infected cells in
peripheral blood (HTLV-1 proviral … Australians relative to their non-Indigenous peers [28]. The …