… (exemplified by ZmGDIα-conferred dwarf virus resistance). (B) Host proteins that were not
originally involved in plant defense can be converted into defense-related genes under the …

… , and Xylella, which are predominantly evolved to impede plant defense and various
control strategies, such as copper-based compounds and antibiotics [13,14,15,16,17,18]. …

… viral strains as well directs the evolution of plant defense mechanisms. One example of a
plant-virus … between model plant Arabidopsis and its interaction with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) …

… and multifaceted immune system of plants. Recent work has shown that NIK1 not only plays
an essential role in translational control of antiviral immunity, but is also involved in crosstalk …

… As scientific progress continues, our understanding of the multifaceted roles of PSMs as
defense regulators, inhibiting pathogenic microbes, while also operating as signaling molecules …

… This study provides evidence that host range expansion mediates a multifaceted shift in
herbivore physiological defenses against natural enemies. Use of the exotic host …

… -mediated protein degradation pathways to maintain the balance between their own
survival and that of the host by defending the plant immune response against the virus. …

… as a newly discovered defense mechanism against plant viruses, confirming that the PTI
signaling pathway can also act against plant viruses. In addition, virus–plant interactions can …

… While our understanding of effectors, elicitors, and plant defense responses has expanded
considerably in the past few decades, much less is known about the roles of effectors and …

… To enhance replication and transcription efficiency and protect against host defense, many
cytoplasmic viruses compartmentalize their genome in organelle-like structures (11, 81, 90). …