Our actions shape the world we live in. In turn, our natural, built, and social conditions shape
our health. In recent years, the impact of environmental hazards on human health has …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading killer in many developed countries, and is soon
expected to be the leading killer in all countries. A number of factors have raised CVD to this …

Environmental factors are considered key determinants of cardiovascular disease. Although
lifestyle choices such as smoking, diet, and exercise are viewed as major environmental …

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are fatal for more than 38 million people each year
and are thus the main contributors to the global burden of disease accounting for 70% of …

It is increasingly recognized that strong geographic variations in cardiovascular risk cannot
be explained using traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone. Indeed, it is highly unlikely …

Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the
development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system …

Environmental stressors associated with human activities (eg, air and noise pollution, light
disturbance at night) and climate change (eg, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events) are …

The study of the interplay between social factors, environmental hazards, and health has
garnered much attention in recent years. The term “exposome “was coined to describe the …

Air pollution is well recognized as a major risk factor for chronic non-communicable
diseases and has been estimated to contribute more to global morbidity and mortality than …

In the landscape of cardiovascular health, a paradigm shift is imperative as we move beyond
traditional risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia (Figure 1) …