Background When providing care under combat or hostile conditions, it may be necessary
for a casualty to remain engaged in military tasks after being wounded. Prehospital care …

BACKGROUND Opioids are the most commonly used analgesics in acute trauma, but are
limited by slow onset and significant adverse effects. Ketamine is an effective and widely …

Introduction Previous studies demonstrate that a significant proportion of casualties do not
receive pain medication prehospital after traumatic injuries. To address possible reasons …

BACKGROUND Intravenous ketamine is commonly used for pain management in the
civilian prehospital setting. Several studies have evaluated its effectiveness in the military …

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We assess the efficacy of intravenous ketamine compared with
intravenous morphine in reducing pain in adults with significant out-of-hospital traumatic …

Objective: A few studies report comparable analgesic efficacy between low-dose ketamine
and opioids such as morphine or fentanyl; however, limited research has explored the safety …

Background: Combat injuries result in acute, severe pain. Early use of analgesia after injury
is known to be beneficial. Studies on prehospital analgesia in combat are limited and no …

Objective. Although ketamine has recently been demonstrated to provide a morphine-
sparing effect, no previous study reports the effect of continuous infusion of ketamine for …

Background No data have been published on the use of ketamine at the point of injury in
combat. Objective To provide adequate pain management for severely injured Rangers …

Background Evidence for effective pain management and opioid minimization of intravenous
ketamine in elective surgery has been extrapolated to acutely injured patients, despite …