Background Though the unprecedented global effort at scaling up universal access to
antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the progression of HIV, treatment failure (TF) …

Background As the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases, the issue of treatment
failure is still a global challenge, particularly in a resource limited settings including Ethiopia …

Background Antiretroviral therapy has improved the life expectancy of HIV-positive children.
Treatment failure and drug resistance among children with HIV remain major public health …

Background: Pediatric antiretroviral treatment failure is an under-recognized issue that
receives inadequate attention in the field of pediatrics and within HIV treatment programs …

With expanding pediatric antiretroviral therapy access, children will begin to experience
treatment failure and require second‐line therapy. In resource‐limited settings, treatment …

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major public health concern
globally, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. Even though determining the …

Objectives: Over the last decades, large number of children living with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been successfully enrolled in care and initiated …

Background Virological failure is under-recognized issue among children living with human
immunodeficiency virus in developing countries. This partly may lead to failure to achieve …

Background Despite anti-retroviral treatment coverage in resource-limited countries being
highly appreciated, the occurrence of first-line virological failure remains a priority agenda …

Introduction Despite gains made from improved antiretroviral therapy coverage in resource
limited countries, the occurrence of first line drug resistance remains a priority agenda. To …