Embryonic stem (ES) cells are becoming a popular model of in vitro neurogenesis, as they
display intrinsic capability to generate neural progenitors that undergo the known steps of in …

Neural induction is the instructive interaction whereby signals emitted from the organizer
direct cells in the ectoderm to a neural fate and thereby to form the neural plate. Recent work …

The vertebrate central nervous system comprises an intricate array of neurons generated in
a highly organized way. Examination of the genes expressed and required at early stages of …

Neural fate commitment is an early embryonic event that a group of cells in ectoderm, which
do not ingress through primitive streak, acquire a neural fate but not epidermal or …

The conventional explanation for how a morphogen patterns a tissue holds that cells
interpret different concentrations of an extrinsic ligand by producing corresponding levels of …

Growth factors can influence lineage determination of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) in an
instructive manner, in vitro. Because NCSCs are likely exposed to multiple signals in vivo …

The specification of neuronal fate starts with cell commitment and determination. These early
events are accompanied by rearrangement and reshaping of presumptive neural cells …

The development of the vertebrate nervous system is initiated in amphibia by inductive
interactions between ectoderm and a region of the embryo called the organizer. The …

The search for neural inducers during vertebrate embryogenesis began nearly 60 years ago
with studies in amphibians. Recently, two substances, noggin (Lamb et al., 1993) and …

In the area pellucida of the chick gastrula, the Hensen's node (HN) graft must contact the
competent ectoblast for at least 4 h to promote neural induction. When we removed the …