Background and objective The early identification of modifiable risk factors is important for
preventing kidney stones but determining causal associations can be difficult with …

Background Increasing epidemiological studies demonstrated that modifiable risk factors
affected the risk of kidney stones. We aimed to systemically assess these causal …

Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been associated with an increased risk of
kidney stones in observational studies, but the causality of these associations remains …

Background Current studies have reported conflicting associations between circulating
micronutrient levels and kidney stone disease (KSD). We aimed to elucidate the causal …

Background Kidney stone disease (KSD) has been reported to be associated with several
cardiovascular diseases. However, the causality between the conditions remains unknown …

Backgrounds Whether longitudinal changes in metabolic status influence the effect of kidney
stones on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclarified. We investigated the …

Objective: This study explores associations between recurrent kidney stones and genetic
polymorphisms. Methods: Meta-analysis of polymorphisms in renal stone cases versus …

Background This study aimed to investigate the association between different metabolic
syndrome-body mass index (MetS-BMI) phenotypes and the risk of kidney stones. Materials …

Context While some studies have suggested an association between metabolic syndrome
and kidney stones, the quality and level of evidence in these studies vary. Objective Whether …

We aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney
stone development in a large-scale community-based cohort. A total of 121,579 participants …