Many disease-causing microbes are not obligate pathogens; rather, they are environmental
microbes taking advantage of an ecological opportunity. The existence of microbes whose …

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The lifestyle of wild and laboratory yeast strains significantly differs. In contrast to the smooth
colonies of laboratory strains, wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains form biofilm-like …

Microbes can engage in social interactions ranging from cooperation to warfare. Biofilms are
structured, cooperative microbial communities. Like all cooperative communities, they are …

In response to nutrient limitation, budding yeast can undergo filamentous growth by
differentiating into elongated chains of interconnected cells. Filamentous growth is regulated …

Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from natural settings form structured
biofilm colonies that are equipped with intricate protective mechanisms. These wild strains …

The ability of yeast to form biofilms contributes to better survival under stressful conditions.
We see the impact of yeast biofilms and “flocs”(clumps) in human health and industry, where …

Deleterious mutations are generally considered to be irrelevant for morphological evolution.
However, they could be compensated by conditionally beneficial mutations, thereby …

Biofilm-forming microorganisms switch between two forms: free-living planktonic and sessile
multicellular. Sessile communities of yeast biofilms in liquid medium provide a primitive …

The acquisition of new genes, via horizontal transfer or gene duplication/diversification, has
been the dominant mechanism thus far implicated in the evolution of microbial …