Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat
Defensive behaviors in animals and humans vary dynamically with increasing proximity of a
threat and depending upon the behavioral repertoire at hand. The current study investigated …
threat and depending upon the behavioral repertoire at hand. The current study investigated …
Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Allostasis, biological embedding, and cumulative change
BS McEwen - Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior, 2016 - Elsevier
The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation because it perceives what is
threatening and determines behavioral and physiological responses. Brain circuits are …
threatening and determines behavioral and physiological responses. Brain circuits are …
Attachment figures activate a safety signal-related neural region and reduce pain experience
NI Eisenberger, SL Master, TK Inagaki… - Proceedings of the …, 2011 - National Acad Sciences
Although it has long been hypothesized that attachment figures provide individuals with a
sense of safety and security, the neural mechanisms underlying attachment-induced safety …
sense of safety and security, the neural mechanisms underlying attachment-induced safety …
The brain, homeostasis, and health: Balancing demands of the internal and external milieu
JT Cacioppo, GG Berntson - The Oxford handbook of health …, 2011 - books.google.com
Communications among the nervous system, neuroendocrine system, and immune system
are bidirectional to better balance the demands of the internal and external milieu. By …
are bidirectional to better balance the demands of the internal and external milieu. By …
Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons prioritize threat probability over fear output
KM Wright, MA McDannald - elife, 2019 - elifesciences.org
Faced with potential harm, individuals must estimate the probability of threat and initiate an
appropriate fear response. In the prevailing view, threat probability estimates are relayed to …
appropriate fear response. In the prevailing view, threat probability estimates are relayed to …
Anxiety and the neurobiology of temporally uncertain threat anticipation
J Hur, JF Smith, KA DeYoung… - Journal of …, 2020 - Soc Neuroscience
When extreme, anxiety—a state of distress and arousal prototypically evoked by uncertain
danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature of situations that elicit …
danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature of situations that elicit …
Cortex-Reflex Connections Appetitive and Defensive Motivation Is the Substrate of Emotion
PJ Lang, MM Bradley - Handbook of approach and avoidance …, 2008 - books.google.com
Survival is the primary motivation for living organisms—to preserve the life of the individual
and to ensure the propagation of their genetic inheritance. Two broad classes of stimulus …
and to ensure the propagation of their genetic inheritance. Two broad classes of stimulus …
When fear is near: threat imminence elicits prefrontal-periaqueductal gray shifts in humans
D Mobbs, P Petrovic, JL Marchant, D Hassabis… - Science, 2007 - science.org
Humans, like other animals, alter their behavior depending on whether a threat is close or
distant. We investigated spatial imminence of threat by developing an active avoidance …
distant. We investigated spatial imminence of threat by developing an active avoidance …
The sensory insular cortex mediates the stress-buffering effects of safety signals but not behavioral control
JP Christianson, AM Benison, J Jennings… - Journal of …, 2008 - Soc Neuroscience
Safety signals are learned cues that predict stress-free periods whereas behavioral control
is the ability to modify a stressor by behavioral actions. Both serve to attenuate the effects of …
is the ability to modify a stressor by behavioral actions. Both serve to attenuate the effects of …
A brainstem-spinal circuit controlling nocifensive behavior
A Barik, JH Thompson, M Seltzer, N Ghitani… - Neuron, 2018 - cell.com
Response to danger needs to be rapid and appropriate. In humans, nocifensive behaviors
often precede conscious pain perception. Much is known about local spinal cord circuits for …
often precede conscious pain perception. Much is known about local spinal cord circuits for …