Over the past two decades, animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have helped to
determine the plausible underlying mechanism of levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) …

l-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the most effective symptomatic treatment of
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term administration of l-DOPA is marred by the …

The crucial role of dopamine (DA) in movement control is illustrated by the spectrum of motor
disorders caused by either a deficiency or a hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission in …

Abstract L‐3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) remains the most efficacious drug for the
treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), but causes adverse effects that limit its utility. L …

Abstract L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was introduced about half a century ago
and is still the most effective medicine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Treatment of Parkinson's disease is complicated by a high incidence of L-DOPA-induced
dyskinesias (LID). Strategies to prevent the development of LID aim at providing more stable …

Dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements) is a common complication of l-DOPA
pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease, and is thought to depend on abnormal cell …

Background Long‐term l‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) treatment of Parkinson's
disease (PD) is associated with motor complications known as l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias …

dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA) is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's
disease. It has earned that title through its highly effective treatment of some of the motor …

Appearance of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) represents a major limitation in the
pharmacological therapy with the dopamine precursor l-DOPA. Indeed, the vast majority of …