Purpose: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is often caused by blunt head trauma and has
no currently effective treatment. Common animal models of TON induced by surgical crush …

Purpose: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is the most feared visual consequence of head
and ocular trauma in both military and civilian communities, for which standard treatment …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a number of impairments, often including visual
symptoms. In some cases, visual impairments after head trauma are mediated by traumatic …

Vision disorders are associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 20%–40% of clinical
cases and involve a diverse set of potential symptoms that can present acutely or …

Adult male C57BL/6J mice have previously been reported to have motor and memory
deficits after experimental closed head traumatic brain injury (TBI), without associated gross …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a complication of craniocerebral, orbital and facial
injuries, leading to irreversible vision loss. At present, there is no reliable, widely used …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a devastating cause of permanent visual loss following
blunt injury to the head. Animal models for TON exist, but most fail to recapitulate the clinical …

Traumatic optic neuropathy: Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of disability
and mortality in the United States. It impacts people of all ages and demographics …

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) refers to optic nerve injury resulting from impact
remote to the optic nerve. The mechanism of injury is not understood, and there are no …

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is considered to be a true ophthalmic emergency. The
National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study 2 (NASCIS 2) established the current treatment …