It is now widely accepted that ketosis (a physiological state characterized by elevated
plasma ketone body levels) possesses a wide range of neuroprotective effects. There is a …

Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP
generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, eg, during prolonged fasting …

An early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is region-specific declines in brain glucose
metabolism. Unlike other tissues in the body, the brain does not efficiently metabolize fats; …

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet that has been used for decades
as a non-pharmacologic approach to treat metabolic disorders and refractory pediatric …

Patients with type 2 diabetes can have several neuropathologies, such as memory deficits.
Recent studies have focused on the association between metabolic imbalance and …

Dietary interventions, such as calorie restriction and ketogenic diet, have been extensively
studied in ageing research, including in cognitive decline. Epidemiological studies indicate …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central
nervous system in young adults that may lead to progressive disability. Since …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by
clinical decline in memory and other cognitive functions. A classic AD neuropathological …

Context Mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formally known as mild cognitive impairment, is
usually the clinical stage preceding the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most …

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a decline in cognition and
mainly affects older individuals above the age of 60. The global incidence of MCI varies, but …