Although nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for many drug delivery applications, oral
absorption of NPs has remained a big challenge. NPs for oral delivery of biotherapeutics …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated great potential for the oral delivery of protein drugs
that have very limited oral bioavailability. Orally administered NPs could be absorbed by the …

Overcoming epithelial barriers to enhance drug absorption is a major challenge for
nanoparticle (NP)-based mucosal delivery systems. With adequate physicochemical …

Oral administration of protein drugs is greatly impeded by the lack of drug carriers that can
efficiently overcome the absorption barriers of mucosa tissue, which consists of not only …

Oral administration is an ideal alternative for drug delivery due to its convenience and safety.
However, oral protein delivery is limited by biological barriers such as the mucus barrier and …

Mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel and acts as a barrier covering much of the soft tissue in
the human body. High vascularization and accessibility have motivated drug delivery to …

Nanoparticles (NPs) for oral delivery of peptide/protein drugs are largely limited due to the
coexistence of intestinal mucus and epithelial barriers. Sequentially overcoming these two …

Although nanotechnology has been investigated during recent years to increase the
bioavailability and therapeutic effects of mucosal administrated drugs, numerous barriers …

Subcutaneous and pulmonary insulin is associated with medical and pharmaceutical
complications. Oral insulin mimics physiological glucose regulation with reduced …

The penetration behavior of nanoparticles in mucous depends on physicochemical
properties of the nanoparticles and the mucus microenvironment, due to particle–mucin …