Universities were established as hierarchical bureaucracies that reward individual
attainment in evaluating success. Yet collaboration is crucial both to 21st century science …

Despite decades of effort by federal science funders to increase the numbers of women
holding advanced degrees and faculty jobs in science and engineering, they are persistently …

Studies about women's underrepresentation in the US science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) academic workforce have flourished in the past decade. Much of …

The first large-scale empirical analysis of the gender gap in science, showing how the
structure of scientific labor and rewards—publications, citations, funding—systematically …

There is a national interest in United States women's underrepresentation in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM); however, gender inequality in the social …

Optimizing participation of different groups in science, technology, education, and
mathematics (STEM) fields requires a better understanding of how any disparities arise. With …

We analyze programs for undergraduate women in science and engineering as strategic
research sites in the study of disparities between women and men in scientific fields within …

Scientific and engineering research is increasingly global, and international collaboration
can be essential to academic success. Yet even as administrators and policymakers extol …

For at least a decade, US funding agencies and university campuses have promoted the
expansion of interdisciplinary research. At the same time, federal and local programs have …

Efforts to understand gender segregation within and among science disciplines have
focused on both supply-and demand-side explanations. Yet we know little about how …