Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) features hyper-inflammation, cytokine storm,
neutrophil function changes, and sodium chloride (NaCl) homeostasis disruption, while the …

Introduction: An exaggerated immune response is considered the most important aspect of
COVID-19 pathogenesis. Hypertonic saline (HS) has shown promise in combating …

Simple Summary Recently, several studies have shown that acidosis, which is increased
acidity in the blood and other body tissues, is often associated with severe COVID-19. In this …

Background The COVID‐19 pandemic worldwide has caused varying degrees of severity of
lung damage in patients, with acute respiratory distress and death in severe cases …

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of
hypernatremia with the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Methods: We performed a …

Objectives: On March 2020, the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic. COVID-19 is associated with various clinical syndromes, with electrolytes …

Background: Systemic inflammation has been associated with severe coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) disease and mortality. Hyponatremia can result from inflammation due to …

The release of cytokines and chemokines such as IL128; 1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, TNF-α,
IFN128; γ, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10 is increased in critically ill patients with COVID-19 …

Abstract Background Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infects human lung tissue cells
through angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), and the body sodium is an important …

Acidosis, such as respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, can be induced by
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and is associated with increased mortality …