Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major cell type in the stroma of solid tumors and
can exert both tumor-promoting and tumor-restraining functions. CAF heterogeneity is …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive
fibroinflammatory stroma and often experiences conditions of insufficient oxygen availability …

Background & Aims Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a hypoxic,
immunosuppressive stroma that contributes to its resistance to immune checkpoint blockade …

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor composed of two subunits, namely,
HIF-1α and HIF-1β, in which HIF-1β is constitutively expressed. HIF-1 upregulates several …

Background: Intratumoral hypoxia is known to lead to increased aggressiveness and distant
metastasis. However, the interplay underlying these actions is still unknown. Objective: We …

Tumor-associated inflammation (TAI) is a feature of essentially all cancers and can confer
both tumor-promoting and-suppressive functions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that typically features a
dramatic desmoplastic reaction, especially fibroblasts. The roles of cancer-associated …

Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a very deadly form of cancer with a low survival rate.
One important characteristic of pancreatic cancer is the presence of a dense tissue called …

Simple Summary Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent an important stromal cell
population of pancreatic cancer in which multiple CAF subtypes have been identified. CAFs …

Background Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by hypoxia is one of the
critical causes of treatment failure in different types of human cancers. NF-κB is closely …