Evidence from captive flocks of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) suggests that following the
appearance of a predator, socially dominant individuals are likely to wait until subordinate …

We investigated turning responses in 16 species of fish faced with a vertical-bar barrier
through which a learned dummy predator was visible. Ten of these species showed a …

Behavioural syndromes are correlations between behaviours in different functional contexts.
Behavioural syndromes are attracting the attention of evolutionary biologists because they …

Boldness and shyness were investigated as 'personality'traits in hatchery‐reared rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Bold fish spent more time in an open area and were more active …

We know little about how natural selection on a species is altered when a closely related
species consuming similar resources appears in its environment. In a pond experiment with …

The social organisation of animals relies on recognition. However, there are many means by
which animals may recognise one another and a variety of cues are available to any …

Boldness is a key element of behavioral variation in animals. Many studies have shown
variation between individuals in their propensity to take risks across a wide range of taxa, yet …

Shoals of golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) often swim along the perimeter of their
large indoor tank at dawn and dusk, and can also be trained to anticipate food arrival by …

Behavioral variation has been documented both between and within populations in a variety
of traits. Many of these behavioral traits are phenotypically plastic and are conditional on the …

The composition of an animal group can impact greatly on the survival and success of its
individual members. Much recent work has concentrated on behavioral variation within …