Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal vascular connection between the carotid
artery and the cavernous sinus. There are various classifications based on haemodynamic …

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal vascular shunt from the carotid artery to the
cavernous sinus. They are commonly classified based on hemodynamics, etiology or …

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an aberrant communication between the main trunk or
branches of carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Most of the cases of CCF occur following …

Background Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare type of arteriovenous shunt that
develops within the cavernous sinus (CS). Direct CCFs entail a direct communication …

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare, abnormal vascular connection between the main
trunk or branches of the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. The most common etiology …

Unilateral carotid cavernous fistula presents with ipsilateral ocular findings. Bilateral
presentation is only seen in bilateral fistulas, usually associated with indirect (dural) carotid …

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal direct communication between the internal
carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery, and the cavernous sinus. It is a rare vascular …

A carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is an abnormal vascular communication between
internal carotid artery or external carotid artery and veins within cavernous sinus (CS). CCF …

A carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an abnormal communication between arteries and veins
within the cavernous sinus. It is generally categorized into high-flow, direct CCF and low …

Bilateral carotid cavernous fistulas are rare entities that can cause debilitating symptoms
and can lead to more severe consequences if left untreated. Therefore, the recognition and …