The PD-1 pathway regulates dysfunctional T cells in chronic infection and cancer, but the
role of this pathway during acute infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that PD …

Inhibitory signaling in dysfunctional CD8 T cells through the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)
axis is well established in chronic viral infections and cancers. PD-1 is also transiently …

The T cell response possesses a number of inhibitory receptors to regulate the extent of the
antiviral response and prevent immune pathology. These receptors are generally transiently …

Viruses are leading causes of severe acute lower respiratory infections (LRIs). These
infections evoke incomplete immunity, as individuals can be repeatedly reinfected …

ABSTRACT The PD-1/PD-L pathway plays a major role in regulating T-cell exhaustion
during chronic viral infections in animal models, as well as in humans, and blockade of this …

Regulatory T (T reg) cells act as terminators of T cell immuniy during acute phase of viral
infection; however, their role and suppressive mechanism in chronic viral infection are not …

While the role of PD-1 in inhibiting immunity during chronic infections is well established, its
functions during acute infections are much less clear. The PD-1 pathway can dampen CD8 T …

We examined the role of the PD-1 pathway on the activation of naïve, memory, and recently
activated human CD4+ T cells to test whether they responded differently. PD-1 ligand …

CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide frontline immunity in mucosal tissues.
The mechanisms regulating CD8+ TRM maintenance, heterogeneity, and protective and …

Recent data supports that increased expression of PD‐1, a negative regulator of immune
function, is associated with T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. However, PD‐1 …