Abstract The B7: CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathway plays a critical role in regulating the
immune response and thus provides an ideal target for therapeutic manipulation of …

Background. Severe gram-negative bacterial infections and sepsis are major causes of
morbidity and mortality. Dysregulated, excessive proinflammatory cytokine expression …

Abstract CD137 (TNFRSF9, 4-1BB) is a potent co-stimulatory molecule of the tumour
necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that is expressed by activated T cells …

CD46 was discovered in 1986 during a search for novel C3b-binding proteins. CD46 is
expressed ubiquitously and functions as a co-factor in the factor I-mediated proteolytic …

Superantigens (SAGs) elicit massive T-cell proliferation through simultaneous interaction
with MHC and TCR molecules. SAGs have been implicated in toxic shock syndrome and …

It took less than an hour to realize something had gone terribly wrong. In March 2006, six
healthy volunteers of a Phase I clinical trial who had received a single infusion of the CD28 …

Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells
resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release and causing symptoms …

This issue highlights translational aspects related to the CD40-CD40L pathway, a veritable
master-switch at the interface between the innate and adaptive immunity. From direct …

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are infrequent but important immunomodulatory lymphocytes that
exhibit CD1d‐restricted reactivity with glycolipid Ags. iNKT cells express a unique T‐cell …

Commentary Page 1 Immunity Commentary CD28 Superagonists: What Makes the Difference in
Humans? Burkhart Schraven1,* and Ulrich Kalinke2,* 1Institute of Molecular and Clinical …