Packed red blood cells are a critical component in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.
The availability of donor-derived blood products, however, suffers from issues of supply …

Despite the exhaustive search for an acceptable substitute to erythrocyte transfusion, neither
chemical-based products such as perfluorocarbons nor hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers …

A cell-free oxygen transporting blood substitute would obviate many of the current concerns
about conventional red cell transfusion therapy. Moreover, a stable oxygen-carrying solution …

A safe and effective blood substitute has been a goal of resuscitation research for almost 50
years. 1–3 Perflurocarbon emulsions and several promising first generation hemoglobin …

Red cell substitutes are solutions that can potentially be used in emergencies or during
surgery when rapid expansion of the blood volume with an oxygen carrier is needed. The …

The expected cost-explosion in transfusion medicine (increasing imbalance between donors
and recipients, treatment of transfusion-associated complications) increases the socio …

Context.—There is no true substitute for the many functions of human red blood cells, and
synthetic products will not replace the need for blood donation in the foreseeable future …

Nearly 14 million units of packed red blood cells are transfused in the United States each
year. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, in 1999, 6% of …

The production of a red cell substitute that can effectively deliver oxygen and act as a viable
alternative to red cells is a much sought-after goal. This review concentrates on the progress …

Synthetic biology adopts an engineering design approach to create innovative treatments
that are reliable, scalable, and customizable to individual patients. Interest in substitutes for …