Background T follicular helper (TFH) cells are a special subpopulation of T helper cells and
can regulate humoral immune responses. This study examined whether the frequency of …

Background The roles of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in chronicity of hepatitis B
virus (HBV) infection have been confirmed. We aimed to explore alteration of Treg in …

To clarify the characteristics of TCR αβ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic
hepatitis B (CHB), we investigated the patterns of Complementarity Determining Region3 …

Abstract Background and Aim Hepatitis B‐associated liver cirrhosis (HBC) leads to profound
alterations of immune systems, especially disruptions of B cell immune responses. CXCR5+ …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with functionally impaired virus-
specific T cell responses. Although the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are …

Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells present in chronic virus infections can express programmed
death 1 (PD-1) molecules, and the inhibition of the engagement of PD-1 with its ligand (PD …

BACKGROUND. The clinical management of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients is
based exclusively on virological parameters that cannot independently determine in which …

During chronic hepatitis B (CHB), CD8+ T cells down-regulate CD28, the primary co-
stimulation molecule for T-cell activation. Diverse functional attributes of CD8+ CD28− T …

Aims/Background: CD4+ T‐helper cell (Th) responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core
antigen (HBc) are increased during exacerbations in acute and chronic hepatitis B (AHB …

CD4+ T cells serve as master regulators of the adaptive immune response to HBV. However,
CD4+ T‐cell subsets are heterogeneous, and it remains unknown how the antiviral agents …