Importance Extremely preterm (EP) infants frequently receive opioids and/or
benzodiazepines, but these drugs' association with neurodevelopmental outcomes is poorly …

Aim To investigate the association between morphine exposure in the neonatal period and
neurodevelopment at 2 and 5 years of age while controlling for potential confounders …

Background Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are exposed to many painful
procedures while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), such as catheter insertion and …

Background: Opioids are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Negative neurodevelopmental effects in the short-term setting have been associated with …

Objective To examine the relationship between morphine exposure and growth of the
cerebellum and cerebrum in very preterm neonates from early in life to term-equivalent age …

Importance Practice variability exists in the use of corticosteroids to treat or prevent
bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants, but there is limited information on …

Importance Birth weight (BW) is an important predictor of mortality and morbidity. At
extremely early gestational ages (GAs), BW may influence decisions regarding initiation of …

Objective To investigate the association of morphine exposure in very preterm infants with
cerebral volumes and neurodevelopmental outcome from birth through middle childhood …

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has risen in prevalence from 1.2 per 1000
births in 2000 to 5.8 per 1000 births in 2012. Symptoms in neonates may include high …

Importance Understanding why and how extremely preterm infants die is important for
practitioners caring for these infants. Objective To examine risk factors, causes, timing, and …