Immunoregulation in the testis is characterized by a balance between immuno-suppression
(or immune privilege) and the ability to react to infections and inflammation. In this review …

The production, differentiation, and presence of male gametes represent inimitable
challenges to the immune system, as they are unique to the body and appear long after the …

The immune privilege of the testes is necessary to prevent immune attacks to gamete-
specific antigens and paternal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, allowing …

Objective Immune cells residing in the testicular interstitial space form the immunological
microenvironment of the testis. They are assumed to play a role in maintaining testicular …

Macrophages are innate immune cells present in essentially every organ of the body with
dedicated tissue specific functions. We will present in this review the unique properties and …

The testis presents a special immunological environment, considering its property of
immune privilege that tolerates allo-and auto-antigens. Testicular immune privilege was …

Testicular macrophages (TM) comprise the largest immune cell population in the
mammalian testis. They are characterized by a subdued proinflammatory response upon …

The mammalian testis possesses a unique immune environment that is essential for
testicular function. The testis is a remarkable immunoprivileged site that protects …

Spermatogenic cells express cell-specific molecules with the potential to be seen as
“foreign” by the immune system. Owing to the time difference between their appearance in …

Testicular macrophages are the largest leukocyte population in the testis. Their environment
is characterized by the seemingly contradictory needs for tolerance against the …