Heart failure (HF) affects an estimated 6 million American adults, and the prevalence
continues to increase, driven in part by the aging of the population and by increases in the …

Heart failure develops as a consequence of cardiac injury. As the heart begins to fail to meet
the body's metabolic demands, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and the …

Background Systolic heart failure is the final manifestation of several cardiovascular
conditions. The 2001 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association …

Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial disorder and is usually the end stage of many
cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HF presents one of the highest morbidity and mortality …

Whether ischemic, viral, or inflammatory in etiology, the clinical syndrome of heart failure
begins with myocardial injury. The hemodynamic consequences of the initial injury elicit a …

Clinical research during the past several decades has shown the importance of cardiac
remodeling as a basic mechanism in the progression of heart failure. Changes in cardiac …

Heart failure (HF) is a progressively deteriorating medical condition that significantly reduces
both the patients' life expectancy and quality of life. Even though real progress was made in …

The prevention and treatment strategies for heart failure (HF) have evolved in the past two
decades. The stages of HF have been redefined, with recognition of the pre-HF state, which …

Chronic heart failure is a relapsing condition resulting from structural or functional heart
disease that impedes either systolic or diastolic cardiac performance respectively. Heart …

Objectives: To characterize the presentation and outcome of patients with heart failure (HF)
after myocardial infarction (MI) according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and test …