The public impact of the opioid crisis has prompted an effort to understand the
neurobiological mechanisms of opioid use disorder (OUD). The need to avoid symptoms …

Opioid withdrawal involves the manifestation of motivational and somatic symptoms.
However, the brain structures that are involved in the expression of different opioid …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by the development of a negative emotional
state that develops after a history of long-term exposure to opioids. OUD represents a true …

Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of
drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding the neurobiological …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic brain disease which originates from long-term
neuroadaptations that develop after repeated opioid consumption and withdrawal episodes …

Opioid misuse and abuse is a major international public health issue. Opioid use disorder
(OUD) is largely maintained by a desire to suppress aversive opioid withdrawal symptoms …

The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic and lacks a range of successful
interventions to reduce this public health burden. Many individuals with opioid use disorder …

Opioid drugs are potent modulators of many physiological and psychological processes.
When given acutely, they can elicit the signature responses of euphoria and analgesia that …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by heightened cognitive, physiological, and
neural responses to opioid‐related cues that are mediated by mesocorticolimbic brain …

Abstract Purpose of Review Opioids remain the most potent form of pain relief currently
available yet have a high abuse liability. Here we discuss underlying neurobiological …