Background Owing to the increase in energy consumption, fossil fuel resources are
gradually depleting which has led to the growing environmental concerns; therefore …

Bio-butanol, composed of four carbon hydrocarbons, is a biofuel produced from biomass
feedstock by microbial activities. Butanol is used in making pharmaceutical, cosmetics …

Due to the limited resources and environmental problems associated with fossil fuels, there
is a growing interest in utilizing renewable resources for the production of biofuels through …

Biobutanol is considered to be the new generation fuel and it is reported to be an efficient
fuel than the other known biofuels due to its both physical and chemical features. The …

Among various renewable and sustainable energy sources being explored, biobutanol has
been recognized as one of the promising alternatives for biofuels due to its attractive …

Biobutanol will become an attractive, economic and sustainable fuel as petroleum oil leads
towards expensive fuel due to diminishing oil reserves and an increase of green house …

The heavy dependence on petroleum-derived fuel has raised concerns about energy
sustainability and climate change, which have prompted researchers to explore fuel …

Large amounts of fossil fuels are consumed every day in spite of increasing environmental
problems. To preserve the environment and construct a sustainable society, the use of …

Butanol has recently attracted attention as an alternative biofuel because of its various
advantages over other biofuels. Many researchers have focused on butanol fermentation …

Butanol is an important solvent and transport fuel additive, and can be produced by
microbial fermentation. Attempts to generate a superior microbial producer of butanol have …