Aim To determine clinical opinion of effectiveness of current battlefield analgesia and the
realistic options to improve future analgesia in hostile environments. Methods Structured …

Background: In the past two decades, a number of reports have identified inadequate
treatment of pain among emergency department patients. No study has evaluated the …

The endogenous catecholamine response to hemorrhagic hypotension is poorly defined
since most data have been derived from experiments in lower animal species. To clarify this …

The analgesic response and safety of intravenous morphine versus fentanyl for adult trauma
patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) were evaluated. Median pain …

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the analgesic effect and feasibility of low-dose ketamine
combined with a reduced dose of hydromorphone for emergency department (ED) patients …

BACKGROUND Battlefield pain occurs in combat casualties who experience multiple severe
injuries. The nature of battlefield scenarios requires a distinct approach to battlefield pain …

Objective. To compare the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) morphine, intranasal (IN)
fentanyl, and inhaled methoxyflurane when administered by paramedics to patients with …

Background Pain is a common condition among prehospital patients. The present study is
designed to determine whether adding low-dose ketamine as additional analgesia improves …

Objective. Although ketamine has recently been demonstrated to provide a morphine-
sparing effect, no previous study reports the effect of continuous infusion of ketamine for …

Introduction: Pain is the most common symptom in patients presenting for prehospital (PH)
care. Research in civilian emergency medical systems has shown wide variability in PH pain …