Objective: To evaluate acute traumatic pain protocols and to suggest optimization by
characterizing opioid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK-PD). Data Sources …

BACKGROUND Shock index (SI), the ratio of heart rate (HR) to systolic arterial pressure
(SAP), is a metric often used to diagnose patients at risk of impending cardiovascular …

Background. The use of opioid analgesics in prehospital trauma care has been reported to
have negative side effects on the airway and circulation. Several studies of urban trauma …

Methods This study is an open label randomised controlled trial of intravenous ketamine
versus morphine given after an initial dose of morphine was ineffective. Attending …

The influence of hemorrhagic shock (removal of 30% of the blood volume) on the
pharmacokinetics and the analgesic effect of morphine was investigated in conscious rats …

Acute pain is one of the most common complaints in the emergency department (ED). With
recent efforts to find effective nonopioid analgesics, ketamine has surfaced as a potential …

Objective Disparities have been observed in the treatment of pain in emergency department
patients. However, few studies have evaluated such disparities in emergency medical …

Background Opioids can have adverse effects on casualties in hemorrhagic shock. In 2014,
the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC) recommended the use of …

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare, by a randomized double-blind
method, morphine (M) and fentanyl (F) in a prehospital setting. METHODS: Consecutive …

Abstract Background: Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines regarding
prehospital analgesia agents have evolved. The guidelines stopped recommending …