This chapter focuses on the influence of sex hormones on early language processing and
production in humans. It summarizes arguments and findings that demonstrate the …

Abstract Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Human infants are the most
proficient of the few vocal learner species. Sharing similar principles in terms of the …

Sex differences in the development of cognitive behavior such as language have long been
of great research interest. Lately, researchers have started to associate language function …

Using a phonological discrimination paradigm, we show that the brain responses of 4-week-
old infants systematically vary as a function of biological sex and testosterone level. Females …

Gender-dependent differentiation of the brain at morphological, neurochemical and
functional levels of organization have been shown to be primarily controlled by sex …

The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted
a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex differences in …

Brain lateralization refers to the division of labour between the two hemispheres in
controlling a wide array of functions and is remarkably well developed in humans. Based on …

During the first few years of life, girls typically have a larger expressive vocabulary than
boys. This sex difference is important since a small vocabulary may predict subsequent …

Vocal learning is the ability to imitate and modify sounds through auditory experience, a rare
trait found in only a few lineages of mammals and birds. It is a critical component of human …

The specific impact of sex hormones on brain development and acoustic communication is
known from animal models. Sex steroid hormones secreted during early development play …