Highlights•Ketamine is an established dissociative anesthetic.•Ketamine's primary action
involves inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.•Ketamine also modulates …

Over the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary
medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been …

BACKGROUND: Ketamine is one of the oldest hypnotic agents used to provide an
anesthetic agent with analgesic properties and minimal suppressive effects on respiration …

Ketamine is a versatile agent primarily utilized as a dissociative anesthetic, which acts by
blocking the excitatory receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA). It functions to inhibit …

The discovery of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant led to a new era in the
development of neuropsychiatric therapeutics, one characterized by an antidepressant …

The history of ketamine begins in 1962, when Calvin Stevens of the pharmaceutical
laboratory Parke-Davis synthesizes it from phencyclidine, a molecule with psychodysleptic …

Ketamine, a molecule of many faces, has contributed immeasurably to numerous realms of
clinical practice and scientific inquiry. From anesthesia and analgesia to depression and …

Ketamine has emerged as a transformative and mechanistically novel pharmacotherapy for
depression. Its rapid onset of action, efficacy for treatment-resistant symptoms, and …

The discovery of ketamine's rapid and robust antidepressant effects opened a window into a
new generation of antidepressants. Multiple controlled trials and open‐label studies have …

Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that is also used for off-label indications such as the
mediation of analgesia and sedation in various settings. It is additionally recognized as an …