Beyond reasonable doubt (brd) is arguably the Strasbourg Court's default standard of proof.
This favours the respondent state over the applicant, though less starkly so if inferences are …

The English courts have been unanimous and outspoken in their recognition of the
prohibition of torture as a core principal of English and international law. However, when it …

Unhappily, condemnatory words are not always matched by conduct. 2 Many of the chapters
in this book deal with the question of torture in a philosophical, pragmatic, jurisprudential …

There exists a wide selection of standard texts on the international legal framework on
torture–variably comprehensive, 1 concise 2 and thematic. 3 With the publication of …

Abstract Introduction: In the 1978 Ireland v. the United Kingdom case, the European Court of
Human Rights (ECtHR) did not consider that the so called" five techniques" caused enough …

In LM, the Court of Justice ruled that the executing Member State (in this case Ireland) must
refrain from giving effect to an European Arrest Warrant where the issuing Member State (in …

This blog post, based on a presentation to the Society of Legal Scholars Annual Seminar on
3-4 November 2022, addresses a paradox: why is it that the European Court of Human …

The issue is one of constitutional principle, whether evidence obtained by torturing another
human being may lawfully be admitted against a party to proceedings in a British court …

1.1 The Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (the NIHRC) is one of three A-status
National Human Rights Institutions in the United Kingdom (UK). Established in 1999, the …

For some writers, the problem with torture is its inexpressibility. For John Conroy, torture is a
set of" unspeakable acts" carried out by and on" ordinary people/" while Elaine Scarry has …