Few options are given to the critical care physician to combat tissue hypoxia and its
consequences. Once circulating volume has been restored and the patient has been given …

For many decades, scientists have actively pursued development of 'artificial blood'–seeking
a product that is safe, universally compatible with all blood types, and readily available for …

Current demands over the blood supply in developed and developing nations will
compound over time. Red cell substitutes have a promising value proposition for transfusion …

For almost a century, scientists have been pursuing the development of “artificial blood”—
seeking a product that would be safe, universally compatible with all blood types, and …

Blood transfusion is the key to life in case of traumatic emergencies, surgeries and in several
pathological conditions. An important goal of whole blood or red blood cell transfusion is the …

Nearly 14 million units of packed red blood cells are transfused in the United States each
year. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, in 1999, 6% of …

Purpose In an effort to develop agents that enhance the oxygen-delivery capability of blood
without the risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusions, several products are …

Despite the exhaustive search for an acceptable substitute to erythrocyte transfusion, neither
chemical-based products such as perfluorocarbons nor hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers …

Blood substitutes are being developed that will provide oxygen-transporting capabilities as
well as volume replacement. Perfluorochemical and hemoglobin solutions have potential …

In this review the current status of what commonly are termed “blood substitutes” is
discussed. The term blood substitute is a misnomer because the formulations under …