The direct determination of compounds of interest is challenging and, in the majority of
cases, impossible. This fact is related to the low concentration of analytes as well as the …

Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μSPE) has gained special attention in the
sample preparation process due to its simplicity, speed and efficiency. Different dispersion …

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a reference sample preparation technique in modern
laboratories. SPE permits to process samples from different nature, providing an …

Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) as a new type of solid phase extraction
(SPE) is attractive for a variety of analytical applications including pre-concentration, clean …

Sample pretreatment is one of the most crucial and error-prone steps of an analytical
procedure; it consents to improve selectivity and sensitivity by sample clean-up and pre …

The simplification of tedious sample preparation procedures and the integration of sampling
and convenient introduction of extracted components to analytical instruments are significant …

Solid phase microextraction is one of the most popular green techniques used for sample
preparations in analytical chemistry. It is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and solvent-free …

Extensive use of organic solvents in analytical laboratories is no longer tolerated because of
the associated health risks and disposal concerns. As a result, many solvent-free extraction …

Membrane protected micro-solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) was introduced in 2006 as an
alternative to multistep SPE. μ-SPE is based on packing of very small amount of sorbent …

Sample treatment has evolved in the last few years following basic trends, simplification,
automation and miniaturization being the most remarkable ones. Microextraction …