During antibiotic treatment, the evolution of bacterial pathogens is fundamentally affected by
bottlenecks and varying selection levels imposed by the drugs. Bottlenecks—that is …

Antibiotic resistance evolves rapidly in response to drug selection, but it can also persist at
appreciable levels even after the removal of the antibiotic. This suggests that many resistant …

Antibiotic resistance carries a fitness cost that must be overcome in order for resistance to
persist over the long term. Compensatory mutations that recover the functional defects …

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern to public health. New treatment strategies may
alleviate the situation by slowing down the evolution of resistance. Here, we evaluated …

Understanding the conditions that favour the evolution and maintenance of antibiotic
resistance is the central goal of epidemiology. A crucial feature explaining the adaptation to …

Bacterial adaptation to stressful environments often produces evolutionary constraints
whereby increases in resistance are associated with reduced fitness in a different …

Bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics by a multitude of mechanisms. A central, yet
unsolved question is how resistance evolution affects cell growth at different drug levels …

History, chance, and selection are the fundamental factors that drive and constrain evolution.
We designed evolution experiments to disentangle and quantify effects of these forces on …

The success of antimicrobial treatment is threatened by the evolution of drug resistance.
Population genetic models are an important tool in mitigating that threat. However, most …

The widespread use of antibiotics has markedly improved public health over the last 60
years. However, the efficacy of antibiotic treatment is rapidly decreasing as a result of the …