Background: The objective of this thesis was to explore mechanistic processes of
amitriptyline, opioids and 'Burst'spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for neuropathic pain in vivo …

Background There is increasing literature evidence both clinically and experimentally on the
existence of potent, adaptive interactions between the central and peripheral aspects of the …

Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid
epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly …

Background Acute pain is a warning mechanism that exists to prevent tissue damage,
however pain can outlast its protective purpose and persist beyond injury, becoming …

As lifespans increase, more people around the world find themselves victims of chronic pain.
In spite of this, treatment options continue to be severely limited. Anti-inflammatory drugs can …

An injury to the nervous system can be a slight stretch, a compression, or a severe
contusion. Such damage usually leads to an acute response characterized by pain …

Neuropathic pain originates from a damage or disease affecting the somatosensory system.
Its treatment is unsatisfactory as it appears refractory to most analgesics. Animal models of …

The growing awareness of the critical role played by the innate and adaptive immune
systems in the mechanisms underlying chronic pain has prompted further research …

Objectives Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a last-resort treatment for patients with chronic
neuropathic pain. The mechanism underlying SCS and pain relief is not yet fully understood …

Pain is an unpleasant sensation associated with injury, inflammation, and infection. It has
been demonstrated that communication between immune cells and neurons plays a vital …